English B1 Jenny Cepeda: Unit Two

Lessons Learned unit Two

1 Simple past.

The structure of "simple past" (Simple Past Tense) in English is:

[SUJETO] + [VERBO EN PASADO, TERMINACIÓN "-ed"]

Your worked

We worked

Verbos irregulares

Verbo	Pasado
to go	went
to buy	bought
to have	had
To be	Was/ were

Pasado en verbos acabados en "-e"

Para formar el pasado se sustituye la "-e" final por "-ed"

verbo	use	used
Pasado	die	died

Negative form

Its structure is: [SUJETO] + did + not + [VERBO EN INFINITIVO (sin to)]

I did not sing

Interrogative form

To construct the question the auxiliary verb to do is used in the past (did).

Its structure is: Did + [SUJETO] + [VERBO EN INFINITIVO (sin to)] ?

I played with my friends

had to in the Simple Past

Pronouns	Affirmative sentences	Negative sentences	Questions
I, he, she, it, we, you, they	I had to get up early.	I did not have to get upearly.	Did I have to get upearly?

2 Adverbs of frequency.

The Position of the Adverb in a Sentence

An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb (except with To Be).

Subject + adverb + main verb

I always remember to do my homework.

He normally gets good marks in exams.

An adverb of frequency goes after the verb To Be.

Subject + to be + adverb

They are never pleased to see me.

She isn't usually bad tempered.

When we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.), the adverb is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb. This is also true for to be.

Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb

She can sometimes beat me in a race.

I would hardly ever be unkind to someone.

They might never see each other again.

They could occasionally be heard laughing.

We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence:

Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally

Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food.

BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning of a sentence:

Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never.

We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs:

She hardly ever comes to my parties.
They never say 'thank you'.

We use ever in questions and negative statements:

Have you ever been to New Zealand?
I haven't ever been to Switzerland. (The same as 'I have never been Switzerland').

We can also use the following expressions when we want to be more specific about the frequency:

- every day - once a month - twice a year - four times a day - every other week

3.Modal Verbs of possibility

4. Verb to get.

The verb 'to get' is one of the most frustrating verbs for people learning English to use. It is a verb which is commonly used and has lots of different meanings (it can be used with the meaning of 'to buy', 'to take' etc...).

Although it is possible to write or speak English without using 'to get' a lot, if you want to understand other people, it is necessary to know what these different meanings are.

In this first of two online exercises on the verb 'to get', we will look at some of the most important meanings of the verb 'to get' in English and when and how they should be used.

The verb "to get" is perhaps the most used verb in colloquial English.

“To get” + Direct Object (“To get” + objeto directo)

Past	Participle	Gerund
Got	Gotten	Getting

Exercises Unit two

Simple past

Put the verbs in brackets in the right form of Past Simple.

1. He wrote (write) his homework last Sunday.
2. Mary did not go (not go) to school last week.
3. Did you play (play) basketball two weeks ago?
4. I studied (study) French last year.
5. They bought (buy) a new flat last month.
6. John took (take) his driving test yesterday but he did not pass (not pass) it.
7. Tim went (go) to Paris last summer.
8. Did your parents meet (meet) at university?
9. When I was (be) a child, I spoke (speak) German.
10. We saw (see) him yesterday but he did not see (not see) us.

Adverbs of frequency.

Example: I play tennis on Sundays. (often)

1. I have toast for breakfast. (always)

2. I drink beer. (never)

3. Do you go to work by bus? (usually)

4. She doesn’t go to bed late. (often)

5. I listen to music. (rarely)

6. She watches TV. (hardly ever)

7. How do you go out for dinner? (often)

8. I go shopping for clothes. (rarely)

9. We go to expensive restaurants. (sometimes)

10. They’re late. (sometimes)

11. He is happy. (never)

12. I’m late for work. (always)

13. I have breakfast in bed. (never)

14. I use public transport. (almost always)

15. Unfortunately, we meet anymore. (hardly ever)

16. What time do you finish work? (usually)

17. I’m hungry in the morning. (never)

18. I don’t read the newspaper. (often)

19. The food at this restaurant is very good. (usually)

20. I sometimes take sugar in my coffee. (sometimes)

Modal Verbs of possibility

Choose the correct modal to complete the sentence.

Betty said she was hungry, but she didn't eat very much after all. She _______________________________________________
1. couldn't like the food.
2. can't like the food.
3. couldn't have been hungry.
4. couldn't have liked the food.
My friend promised to pick me up at 7:00. It's now 7:25 and I don't see him. He _________________________________________
1. might have forgotten.
2. might be forgetting.
3. must have forgotten.
4. might forget.
My white shirt now has green streaks in it. I ____________________________________________
1. must not have not washed it properly.
2. can't wash it properly.
3. must to wash it properly.
4. can't have washed it properly.
The twins have guilty expressions on their faces. They ________________________________________
1. might do something naughty.
2. might have done something naughty.
3. must do something naughty.
4. must have done something naughty.
My plants are dead. I ________________________________________________
1. can't have given them enough water.
2. must give them more water.
3. can't not have given them enough water.
4. couldn't give them enough water.
The hockey player's injury kept him out of the Stanley Cup Playoffs. He _____________________________________
1. must have been disappointed.
2. must have been disappointment.
3. must have been disappointing.
4. might have been disappointed.
Our son promised to clean his room, but it is still messy. He ___________________________________________
1. couldn't have cleaned it.
2. couldn't to have cleaned it.
3. cannot clean it.
4. can't clean it.
Paul's class starts at 8:30. It's 8:45 and he's not here yet. He _____________________________________________
1. must have been sick.
2. might have missed the bus.
3. must have missed the bus.
4. must be sick.
I don't know why he hasn't called me back. He __________________________________________________
1. might have forgotten my number.
2. must have forgotten my number.
3. might forget my number.
4. might be forgetting my number.
Look! Our car isn't in the driveway! Somebody _________________________________________

must have stolen it.
must be stealing it.
might have stolen it.
could have stolen it.

Verb to get.

1. I get about $2000 a month from my job.

2. He got angry when he heard about the news.

3. I don't get how the machine works.

4. Did you get the e-mail I sent you this morning?

5. My manager got me to do the report, even though I didn't want to.

6. At what time will you get to New York?

7. It wasn't easy, but I finally got her to sign the contract.

8. I got 75% in my maths exam.

9. I would like to get her a watch for her birthday.

10. Somebody is calling. Can you get the phone?

11. I get the bus to work every morning.

12. Sorry, it's noisy here. I didn't get what you said.

13. They got the new service contract.

English B1 Jenny Cepeda

domingo, 2 de agosto de 2015

Unit Two

had to in the Simple Past

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