Englis B1
Lessons Learned unit One
1. modal verbs in English:
can
|
Shall
|
may
|
Will
|
must
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Could
|
Should
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might
|
Would
|
Ought to
|
Can: a modal verb (auxiliary) can only be used in Present. Indicating ability or possibility. In these cases it can be translated as "power" in Spanish.
Structure: Subject + can + infinitive always.
I can speak five languages.
Structure negative: Subject + can not (can not) + infinitive main forever.
I can speak five languages
Structure questions: Can + subject + infinitive + always?
Can you help me?
Could: a modal verb can only be used: 1. Past: "I could, you could, etc." Example: "Could you work yesterday ?." Could you work yesterday? 2. Conditional: "I could, you could, etc." Example: "I Could do it." "I could do it." 3. subjunctive: Maybe ... Example: "She Could eat may (she) come
It indicates possibility or ability in the past.
Shall: is used as "will" to form the future tense.
Would: to form the conditional in English weather. This time indicates that" the subject performs the action only if a condition is met. "
Should: Should be used as an obligation, or something that is recommended.
Affirmative structure: Subject + Should + "main infinitive".
Structure questions: Should + subject + verb + infinitive?
Structure negative: + Subject + Should not (Should not) + infinitive
May: Indicates a hypothetical action or likely
Affirmative structure: Subject + May + "main infinitive". Note: NEVER TAKE May and Might "to" front or back okay?
May I do it
Structure questions: May + subject + verb + infinitive?
Structure negative: Subject + May + not (mayn't) + infinitive
Migh: to indicate possibilities in the present or the future. In these cases, it is synonymous with "may".
Structure: Might Subject + + "main infinitive". Note: NEVER TAKE May and Might "to" front or behind
Structure question:
I wonder if + subject + + + infinitive Might
Structure negative: + Subject + Might not (Might not) + infinitive
Will to form the future tense.
Structure: subject + will + verb + other sentence.
I will go to the university.
Negative structure: Willy + subject + verb + other sentence.
Will you go to the university?
Short answers: Will you go to the university?
Yes, I will / No, I will not
2. Subjunctive
FORM
Use the simple form of the verb. The simple
form is the infinitive without the "to." The simple form of the verb
"to go" is "go." The Subjunctive is only noticeable in
certain forms and tenses.
USE
The Subjunctive is used to emphasize
urgency or importance. It is used after certain expressions (see below).
Examples:
I suggest that he study.
Is it essential that we be there?
Don recommended that you join the
committee.
NOTICE
The Subjunctive is only noticeable in
certain forms and tenses. In the examples below, the Subjunctive is not
noticeable in the you-form of the verb, but it is noticeable in the he-form of
the verb.
Examples:
You try to study often. you-form of
"try"
It is important that you try to study
often. Subjunctive form of "try" looks the same.
He tries to study often. he-form of
"try"
It is important that he try to study often.
Subjunctive form of "try" is noticeable here.
Verbs Followed by the Subjunctive
The Subjunctive is used after the following
verbs:
to advise (that)
to ask (that)
to command (that)
to demand (that)
to desire (that)
to insist (that)
to propose (that)
to recommend (that)
to request (that)
to suggest (that)
to urge (that)
Examples:
Dr. Smith asked that Mark submit his
research paper before the end of the month.
Donna requested Frank come to the party.
The teacher insists that her students be on
time.
Expressions Followed by the Subjunctive
The Subjunctive is used after the following
expressions:
It is best (that)
It is crucial (that)
It is desirable (that)
It is essential (that)
It is imperative (that)
It is important (that)
It is recommended (that)
It is urgent (that)
It is vital (that)
It is a good idea (that)
It is a bad idea (that)
Examples:
It is crucial that you be there before Tom
arrives.
It is important she attend the meeting.
It is recommended that he take a gallon of
water with him if he wants to hike to the bottom of the Grand Canyon.
Negative, Continuous and Passive Forms of
Subjunctive
The Subjunctive can be used in negative,
continuous and passive forms.
Negative Examples:
The boss insisted that Sam not be at the
meeting.
The company asked that employees not accept
personal phone calls during business hours.
I suggest that you not take the job without
renegotiating the salary.
Passive Examples:
Jake recommended that Susan be hired
immediately.
Christine demanded that I be allowed to
take part in the negotiations.
We suggested that you be admitted to the
organization.
Continuous Examples:
It is important that you be standing there
when he gets off the plane.
It is crucial that a car be waiting for the
boss when the meeting is over.
I propose that we all be waiting in Tim's
apartment when he gets home.
Should as Subjunctive
After many of the above expressions, the
word "should" is sometimes used to express the idea of
subjunctiveness. This form is used more frequently in British English and is
most common after the verbs "suggest," "recommend" and
"insist."
Examples:
The doctor recommended that she should see
a specialist about the problem.
Professor William suggested that Wilma
should study harder for the final exam.
3. Comparatives
Adjectives.
4. The Verbs
Verbs are words that indicate actions, existence (ser / estar), possession (having) or mood.
There are many types of verbs. The verb can indicate the main action (the main verb). An auxiliary verb adds detail to the action or help the main verb (also called "complementary verbs"). Modal verbs added modality (possibility, capacity, permission, prohibition, obligation, etc.). Transitive verbs connect a subject with an object. Other verbs only need a subject (intransitive verb).
exercises Unit One
modal verbs
Choose the correct answer for each blank.
1 - __________ you speak French? - Only a few words, but my Russian is pretty good.
- A - Can
- B - Could
2 - You __________ eat so much chocolate. It’s not good for you.
- A - don’t have to
- B - must
- C - shouldn’t
3 - I__________ talk already before I was two years old.
- A - could
- B - should
- C - would
4 - I__________ help you, but I don’t want to.
- A - can
- B - could
- C - would
5 - __________ you open the window, please.
- A - Can
- B - May
6 - I __________ move the table. It was too heavy.
- A - couldn't
- B - mustn't
- C - shouldn't
- D - wouldn't
7 - You__________ not put your feet on the cafeteria tables.
- A - must not
- B - do not have to
8 - If you continue to practice so hard, you __________ beat me before too long!
- A - can
- B - could
- C - will be able to
9 - __________ you swim?
- A - Should
- B - Can
- C - Must
10 - __________ you help me move this table?
- A - Can
- B - May
- C - Shall
Subjunctive
Complete a phrase según el subjentive
1. I don’t speak French. I wish
I spoke French.
2. I
can’t swim. I could swim.
3. I
haven’t got a boyfriend. I had a
boyfriend.
4. It’s
raining. it wasn’t raining
5. We
don’t have children. I wish we had
children.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
1. I demand that he apologize immediately. (Correct)
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