Personal presentation

Personal presentation

My name is Jenny Maritza Cepeda; I am twenty seven years. My address is street 25 No. 20-33. Neighborhood Sausalito. My phone number is 3212494512. I work at the White House hotel. My occupation is waitress and am a student of psychology. 

Unit One

Englis B1

Lessons Learned unit One

1.      modal verbs in English:

can	Shall	may	Will	must
Could	Should	might	Would	Ought to

Can: a modal verb (auxiliary) can only be used in Present. Indicating ability or possibility. In these cases it can be translated as "power" in Spanish.

Structure: Subject + can + infinitive always.

I can speak five languages.

Structure negative: Subject + can not (can not) + infinitive main forever.

I can speak five languages

Structure questions: Can + subject + infinitive + always?

Can you help me?

Could: a modal verb can only be used: 1. Past: "I could, you could, etc." Example: "Could you work yesterday ?." Could you work yesterday? 2. Conditional: "I could, you could, etc." Example: "I Could do it." "I could do it." 3. subjunctive: Maybe ... Example: "She Could eat may (she) come

It indicates possibility or ability in the past.

Shall: is used as "will" to form the future tense.

Would: to form the conditional in English weather. This time indicates that" the subject performs the action only if a condition is met. "

Should: Should be used as an obligation, or something that is recommended.

Affirmative structure: Subject + Should + "main infinitive".

Structure questions: Should + subject + verb + infinitive?

Structure negative: + Subject + Should not (Should not) + infinitive

May: Indicates a hypothetical action or likely

Affirmative structure: Subject + May + "main infinitive". Note: NEVER TAKE May and Might "to" front or back okay?

May I do it

Structure questions: May + subject + verb + infinitive?

Structure negative: Subject + May + not (mayn't) + infinitive

Migh: to indicate possibilities in the present or the future. In these cases, it is synonymous with "may".

 Structure: Might Subject + + "main infinitive". Note: NEVER TAKE May and Might "to" front or behind

Structure question:

I wonder if + subject + + + infinitive Might

Structure negative: + Subject + Might not (Might not) + infinitive

Will to form the future tense.

  Structure: subject + will + verb + other sentence.

I will go to the university.

 Negative structure: Willy + subject + verb + other sentence.

 Will you go to the university?

Short answers: Will you go to the university?

Yes, I will / No, I will not

2. Subjunctive

FORM

Use the simple form of the verb. The simple form is the infinitive without the "to." The simple form of the verb "to go" is "go." The Subjunctive is only noticeable in certain forms and tenses.

USE

The Subjunctive is used to emphasize urgency or importance. It is used after certain expressions (see below).

Examples:

I suggest that he study.

Is it essential that we be there?

Don recommended that you join the committee.

NOTICE

The Subjunctive is only noticeable in certain forms and tenses. In the examples below, the Subjunctive is not noticeable in the you-form of the verb, but it is noticeable in the he-form of the verb.

Examples:

You try to study often. you-form of "try"

It is important that you try to study often. Subjunctive form of "try" looks the same.

He tries to study often. he-form of "try"

It is important that he try to study often. Subjunctive form of "try" is noticeable here.

Verbs Followed by the Subjunctive

The Subjunctive is used after the following verbs:

to advise (that)

to ask (that)

to command (that)

to demand (that)

to desire (that)

to insist (that)

to propose (that)

to recommend (that)

to request (that)

to suggest (that)

to urge (that)

Examples:

Dr. Smith asked that Mark submit his research paper before the end of the month.

Donna requested Frank come to the party.

The teacher insists that her students be on time.

Expressions Followed by the Subjunctive

The Subjunctive is used after the following expressions:

It is best (that)

It is crucial (that)

It is desirable (that)

It is essential (that)

It is imperative (that)

It is important (that)

It is recommended (that)

It is urgent (that)

It is vital (that)

It is a good idea (that)

It is a bad idea (that)

Examples:

It is crucial that you be there before Tom arrives.

It is important she attend the meeting.

It is recommended that he take a gallon of water with him if he wants to hike to the bottom of the Grand Canyon.

Negative, Continuous and Passive Forms of Subjunctive

The Subjunctive can be used in negative, continuous and passive forms.

Negative Examples:

The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting.

The company asked that employees not accept personal phone calls during business hours.

I suggest that you not take the job without renegotiating the salary.

Passive Examples:

Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately.

Christine demanded that I be allowed to take part in the negotiations.

We suggested that you be admitted to the organization.

Continuous Examples:

It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane.

It is crucial that a car be waiting for the boss when the meeting is over.

I propose that we all be waiting in Tim's apartment when he gets home.

Should as Subjunctive

After many of the above expressions, the word "should" is sometimes used to express the idea of subjunctiveness. This form is used more frequently in British English and is most common after the verbs "suggest," "recommend" and "insist."

Examples:

The doctor recommended that she should see a specialist about the problem.

Professor William suggested that Wilma should study harder for the final exam.

3.  Comparatives Adjectives.

4.      The Verbs

Verbs are words that indicate actions, existence (ser / estar), possession (having) or mood.

There are many types of verbs. The verb can indicate the main action (the main verb). An auxiliary verb adds detail to the action or help the main verb (also called "complementary verbs"). Modal verbs added modality (possibility, capacity, permission, prohibition, obligation, etc.). Transitive verbs connect a subject with an object. Other verbs only need a subject (intransitive verb).

exercises Unit One

modal verbs 

Choose the correct answer for each blank.

1 - __________ you speak French? - Only a few words, but my Russian is pretty good.

• A - Can
• B - Could

2 - You __________ eat so much chocolate. It’s not good for you.

• A - don’t have to
• B - must
• C - shouldn’t

3 - I__________ talk already before I was two years old.

• A - could
• B - should
• C - would

4 - I__________ help you, but I don’t want to.

• A - can
• B - could
• C - would

5 - __________ you open the window, please.

• A - Can
• B - May

6 - I __________ move the table. It was too heavy.

• A - couldn't
• B - mustn't
• C - shouldn't
• D - wouldn't

7 - You__________ not put your feet on the cafeteria tables.

• A - must not
• B - do not have to

8 - If you continue to practice so hard, you __________ beat me before too long!

• A - can
• B - could
• C - will be able to

9 - __________ you swim?

• A - Should
• B - Can
• C - Must

10 - __________ you help me move this table? 

• A - Can
• B - May
• C - Shall

Subjunctive

Complete a phrase según el subjentive

1. I don’t speak French. I wish  I spoke French.

2.            I can’t swim. I could swim.

3.            I haven’t got a boyfriend. I had a boyfriend.

4.            It’s raining. it wasn’t raining

5.            We don’t have children. I wish we had children.

Choose the most appropriate answer.

1. I demand that he apologize immediately. (Correct)

 apologize shall apologize will apologize has apologized

2. I suggested that she should consult her lawyer before signing the contract. (Correct)

 consults shall consult will consult should consult

3. It is necessary that everything be ready by two o'clock tomorrow. (Correct)

 be was were would have been

4. They recommend that she should go to a ski resort in Spain. (Correct)

 will go would have gone should go should have gone

5. It is advisable that you submit your application as soon as possible. (Correct)

 submit will submit will have submitted should have submitted

6. He decided to go inside the haunted house, come what may. (Correct)

 come comes should come would come

7. It is strange that he should be so upset about such a trifle, isn't it? (Correct)

 were shall be should be have been

8. Far be it from me to criticize your plan, but I think you should change a few things in it. (Correct)

 be is was were

9. The doctor insisted that she stay at the hospital. (Correct)

 stay stays will stay has stayed

10. She suggested that we should meet in the lobby of the hotel at 9:00 a.m. (Correct)

 shall meet will meet should meet would have met

Your result: 100% correct. Excellent!

Unit Two

Lessons Learned unit Two

1 Simple past.

The structure of "simple past" (Simple Past Tense) in English is:

[SUJETO] + [VERBO EN PASADO, TERMINACIÓN "-ed"]

Your worked

We worked 

Verbos irregulares

Verbo	Pasado
to go	went
to buy	bought
to have	had
To be	Was/ were

Pasado en verbos acabados en "-e"

Para formar el pasado se sustituye la "-e" final por "-ed"

verbo	use	used
Pasado	die	died

Negative form

Its structure is: [SUJETO] + did + not + [VERBO EN INFINITIVO (sin to)]

I did not sing

Interrogative form

To construct the question the auxiliary verb to do is used in the past (did).

Its structure is: Did + [SUJETO] + [VERBO EN INFINITIVO (sin to)] ?

 I played with my friends

had to in the Simple Past

Pronouns	Affirmative sentences	Negative sentences	Questions
I, he, she, it, we, you, they	I had to get up early.	I did not have to get upearly.	Did I have to get upearly?

2 Adverbs of frequency.

The Position of the Adverb in a Sentence

An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb (except with To Be).

Subject + adverb + main verb

I always remember to do my homework.

He normally gets good marks in exams.

An adverb of frequency goes after the verb To Be.

Subject + to be + adverb

They are never pleased to see me.

She isn't usually bad tempered.

When we use an auxiliary verb (have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.), the adverb is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb. This is also true for to be.

Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb

She can sometimes beat me in a race.

I would hardly ever be unkind to someone.

They might never see each other again.

They could occasionally be heard laughing.

We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence:

Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally

• Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food.

BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning of a sentence:

Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never.

We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs:

• She hardly ever comes to my parties.
• They never say 'thank you'.

We use ever in questions and negative statements:

• Have you ever been to New Zealand?
• I haven't ever been to Switzerland. (The same as 'I have never been Switzerland').

We can also use the following expressions when we want to be more specific about the frequency:

- every day - once a month - twice a year - four times a day - every other week

3.Modal Verbs of possibility

4. Verb to get.

The verb 'to get' is one of the most frustrating verbs for people learning English to use. It is a verb which is commonly used and has lots of different meanings (it can be used with the meaning of 'to buy', 'to take' etc...).

Although it is possible to write or speak English without using 'to get' a lot, if you want to understand other people, it is necessary to know what these different meanings are.

In this first of two online exercises on the verb 'to get', we will look at some of the most important meanings of the verb 'to get' in English and when and how they should be used.

The verb "to get" is perhaps the most used verb in colloquial English.

“To get” + Direct Object (“To get” + objeto directo)

Past	Participle	Gerund
Got	Gotten	Getting

Exercises Unit two

Simple past

Put the verbs in brackets in the right form of Past Simple.

1. He wrote (write) his homework last Sunday.
2. Mary did not go (not go) to school last week.
3. Did you play (play) basketball two weeks ago?
4. I studied (study) French last year.
5. They bought (buy) a new flat last month.
6. John took (take) his driving test yesterday but he did not pass (not pass) it.
7. Tim went (go) to Paris last summer.
8. Did your parents meet (meet) at university?
9. When I was (be) a child, I spoke (speak) German.
10. We saw (see) him yesterday but he did not see (not see) us.

Adverbs of frequency.

Example: I play tennis on Sundays. (often) 1. I have toast for breakfast. (always) 2. I drink beer. (never) 3. Do you go to work by bus? (usually) 4. She doesn’t go to bed late. (often) 5. I listen to music. (rarely) 6. She watches TV. (hardly ever) 7. How do you go out for dinner? (often) 8. I go shopping for clothes. (rarely) 9. We go to expensive restaurants. (sometimes)

10. They’re late. (sometimes) 11. He is happy. (never) 12. I’m late for work. (always) 13. I have breakfast in bed. (never) 14. I use public transport. (almost always) 15. Unfortunately, we meet anymore. (hardly ever) 16. What time do you finish work? (usually) 17. I’m hungry in the morning. (never) 18. I don’t read the newspaper. (often) 19. The food at this restaurant is very good. (usually) 20. I sometimes take sugar in my coffee. (sometimes)

Modal Verbs of possibility

Choose the correct modal to complete the sentence.

1. Betty said she was hungry, but she didn't eat very much after all. She _______________________________________________
   1.   couldn't like the food.
   2.   can't like the food.
   3.   couldn't have been hungry.
   4.   couldn't have liked the food.
2. My friend promised to pick me up at 7:00. It's now 7:25 and I don't see him. He _________________________________________
   1.   might have forgotten.
   2.   might be forgetting.
   3.   must have forgotten.
   4.   might forget.
3. My white shirt now has green streaks in it. I ____________________________________________
   1.   must not have not washed it properly.
   2.   can't wash it properly.
   3.   must to wash it properly.
   4.   can't have washed it properly.
4. The twins have guilty expressions on their faces. They ________________________________________
   1.   might do something naughty.
   2.   might have done something naughty.
   3.   must do something naughty.
   4.   must have done something naughty.
5. My plants are dead. I ________________________________________________
   1.   can't have given them enough water.
   2.   must give them more water.
   3.   can't not have given them enough water.
   4.   couldn't give them enough water.
6. The hockey player's injury kept him out of the Stanley Cup Playoffs. He _____________________________________
   1.   must have been disappointed.
   2.   must have been disappointment.
   3.   must have been disappointing.
   4.   might have been disappointed.
7. Our son promised to clean his room, but it is still messy. He ___________________________________________
   1.   couldn't have cleaned it.
   2.   couldn't to have cleaned it.
   3.   cannot clean it.
   4.   can't clean it.
8. Paul's class starts at 8:30. It's 8:45 and he's not here yet. He _____________________________________________
   1.   must have been sick.
   2.   might have missed the bus.
   3.   must have missed the bus.
   4.   must be sick.
9. I don't know why he hasn't called me back. He __________________________________________________
   1.   might have forgotten my number.
   2.   must have forgotten my number.
   3.   might forget my number.
   4.   might be forgetting my number.
10. Look! Our car isn't in the driveway! Somebody _________________________________________
1.   must have stolen it.
2.   must be stealing it.
3.   might have stolen it.
4.   could have stolen it.

Verb to get.

1. I get about $2000 a month from my job.
   to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win             

2. He got angry when he heard about the news.
  to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win             

3. I don't get how the machine works.
  to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win             

4. Did you get the e-mail I sent you this morning?
  to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win             

5. My manager got me to do the report, even though I didn't want to.
  to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win             

6. At what time will you get to New York?
  to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win             

7. It wasn't easy, but I finally got her to sign the contract.
  to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win             

8. I got 75% in my maths exam.
  to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win            

9. I would like to get her a watch for her birthday.
  to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win            

10. Somebody is calling. Can you get the phone?
  to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win            

11. I get the bus to work every morning.
  to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win            

12. Sorry, it's noisy here. I didn't get what you said.
  to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win            

13. They got the new service contract.
  to answer to arrive at to become to buy to earn to hear to obtain to order to persuade to receive to take to understand to win